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I. LOCATION

i.	Geographical area	Western Asia Minor
ii.	Region	Lydia
iii.	Site	Philadelpheia

II. NAME

i.	Full name (original language)	οἱ σκυτεῖς (TAM V.3 1491, l. 23; restituted: TAM V.3 1492, ll. 3-4)
ii.	Full name (transliterated)	hoi skyteis

III. DATE

i.

Date(s)

ii - iii AD

IV. NAME AND TERMINOLOGY

ii.

Name elements

Professional:

Shoemakers

V. SOURCES

i.	Source(s)	TAM V.3 1491 (ca. 220) TAM V.3 1492 (high Roman imperial time)
	Note	See also: Dittmann-Schöne III.5.2 LBW 656 date unkown; the name Fl. Aurelius could appoint to the 4th. century (Dittmann-Schöne)
i.a.	Source type(s)	Epigraphic source(s)
i.b.	Document(s) typology & language/script	TAM V.3 1491: Honorific inscription dedicated by the sacred phyle of the shoemakers (hiera phyle ton skyteon, ll. 22-23) to a member of the Roman élite of the city according to a decree of the boule and the demos. TAM V.3 1492: Honorific inscription dedicated by the phyle of the shoemakers to a woman (very damaged and impossible to restitute completely). Greek.
i.c.	Physical format(s)	TAM V.3 1491: marble base TAM V.3 1492: marble block
ii.	Source(s) provenance	TAM V.3 1491: Alasehir (ancient Philadelpheia). TAM V.3 1492: Alasehir, time ago in the wall of the house Sehit Mustafa Caddesi 32.

VII. ORGANIZATION

iii.

Members

The members of the association formed a phyle. There were other phylai named after craftsmen associations in Philadelpheia. Cf. TAM V.3 1490 and van Nijf 1997: 184f., 233.

X. ACTIVITIES

iv.

Honours/Other activities

The association honours Phl. Aur. Hephaistion, son of Paitianos, a man worthy of praise of a wealthy
family, that has held important charges and liturgies in the city, as well as the first strategia, like his father.
On the importance of honorific inscriptions set up by private associations in order to commemorate the
relationships that they maintained with the leading members of society cf. van Nijf 1997: 73f.

XI. INTERACTION

i.

Local interaction

The erecting of a honorific inscription by the association, following a decree of the boule and the demos,
to an important official charge in the city is surely evidence of local, at least politic, interaction. The fact
that a phyle of the city is named after the shoemakers confirms that interaction.
The existence of guild tribes evidences the social and economic importance of these guilds in
Philadelpehia and also in the Lydian Saittai (Dittmann-Schone III 3.11).
By setting up honorific inscriptions and statues on behalf of honorands chosen by the boule and the
gerousia, the associations appear as an executive branch of the city's political structure, as stated by van
Nijf 1997: 184. For the local interaction and political significance of the craftsmen associations in Lydia
cf. van Nijf 1997: 184f., 233.

XII. NOTES

i.	Comments	Cf. Schreiner 1969: 375-431, esp. 411 cited by Petzl in TAM: "In seiner Schrift τῆς φυσικῆς κοινωνίας λόγοι ἕξ hebt Kaiser Theodoros II. Laskaris die Lederverarbeitung als Charakteristikum Philadelpheias hervor", with reference in n. 2 to PG 140, column 1345.
iii.	Bibliography	Dittmann-Schöne, I. (2010), Die Berufsvereine in den Städten des kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasiens. 2nd. ed. Regensburg: 213. van Nijf, O. (1997), The civic world of professional associations in the Roman East. Amsterdam: 73f., 184f., 233. Schreiner, P. (1969), ‘Zur Geschichte Philadelpheias im 14. Jahrhundert (1293-1390)’, OCP 35: 375-431

XIII. EVALUATION

i.	Private association	Certain
	Note	It is a craftmen association.

CAPInv. 414: hoi skyteis